英美影视行业电影标准剧本格式¶
这里是对 英美影视行业（特别是好莱坞和英国电视台）电影标准剧本格式 的总结。
内容基于 BBC Writersroom 的官方剧本格式指南，并配合《神秘博士》第四季第一集剧本的实际案例进行说明。
所有参考文件均来自 BBC Writersroom：
概览¶
场景标题（Scene Heading）¶
场景标题需要 全大写，并且必须包含三要素：内/外景、地点、时间。
基本格式：[内/外景] [地点] - [时间]
例如：INT. LOCATION #2 - NIGHT
内/外景标识：
INT.：Interior，室内EXT.：Exterior，室外INT./EXT.或EXT./INT.：同时涉及内外景
这些信息主要是考虑到对灯光组、摄影组和制片的影响：布光不同、摄影设备不同、排期和预算不同。
实际案例：
EXT. NOBLES' HOUSE - DAY 1
EXT. CITY STREET - DAY 1
INT. ADIPOSE INDUSTRIES, FOYER - DAY 1
INT. SALES CUBICLES - NIGHT 2
这个案例里，故事持续了两天，所以会有额外的数字标识说明这是第几天的白天/夜晚。
新场景的标题应与前一场景间距三倍，场景标题后必须紧跟场景动作。
场景动作（Scene Action）¶
Action 在这里的含义而场景中发生的事情，包含人物、事物和场景的客观描述，而不是特指动作戏、打斗场面。英文中的 Action 有更广的含义，可以指“行为、活动、发生的事”。剧本本质上是描述“屏幕上发生的行为”。
场景动作在标题下方使用 两倍行距，文本大小写混合，段落之间也采用双倍行距。
场景动作应该 只涉及屏幕上正在发生的事情，绝不能偏离主题，不能有涉及与人物思想或背景故事相关的多余的小说式文字。
一般来说，场景行为的段落最好控制在四到五行，将每个段落都视为场景中一个重要的行为节点。
场景动作中，关键的音效、道具有时会大写以表强调，也会出现下划线和斜体。
实际案例：
13 INT. CINEMA - DAY 1 13
Part of the Tower Block HQ, with Adipose Industries logos
on the walls. Slogan: The Fat Just Walks Away.
The logo is on screen, as MISS FOSTER steps forward, at
the front. She's 40s, handsome, strong.
这个案例中针对影院场景进行了简要介绍，如地理位置、墙上的 logo 和标语。同时也描述了人物 Foster 小姐的动作和外貌。
场景标题和场景动作务必保持相连，不要让标题孤零零悬在页面底部。
当场景跨页时，可以在上页的右下角标记 (CONTINUED)，并在下页填写场景标题 CONTINUED: 表示在同一场景中继续。
一般拍摄剧本（Shooting Script）会在页面标注，但投机剧本（Spec Script）则无需这样做。
18 INT. ROGER'S HOUSE - NIGHT 1 18
ROGER sitting, THE DOCTOR prowling round the room.
ROGER
I've been on the pills for two weeks
now, I've lost 14 kilos!
(CONTINUED)
--------------------------------------------------------------
18 CONTINUED: 18
THE DOCTOR
That's the same amount every day?
角色（Character）¶
角色名称需要 全大写，居中。
实际案例：
10 INT. ADIPOSE INDUSTRIES, FOYER - DAY 1 10
Posh foyer. DONNA shows her ID pass to the SECURITY
GUARD.
DONNA
Donna Noble, Health and Safety.
有的情况需要在角色名后加拓展（Extension），比如
(V.O.)：Voice Over，旁白(O.S.)：Off Screen，画外音(CONT'D)：Continued，表示角色被打断后继续说话
CONT'D 可能是被场景动作打断或是被分页打断。如果是被分页打断，需要在上页的对白结尾处标记，比如居中的 (MORE)。
对白（Dialogue）¶
角色名下方紧跟的就是对白内容，对白也需要 居中。
实际案例：
13 CONTINUED: 13
She addresses the audience, 40 PEOPLE or so, scattered
about, taking notes - they're JOURNALISTS; this is a
Press Launch.
MISS FOSTER
Adipose Industries. The twenty-first
century way to lose weight. No
exercise, no diet, no pain. Just
lifelong freedom, from fat, the Holy
Grail of the modern age. And here it
is!
Holds it up, an ordinary red & white capsule.
MISS FOSTER (CONT'D)
You just take one capsule.
One capsule, once a day, for three
weeks. And the fat, as they say...
ON SCREEN, GRAPHIC, the logo does a little spin, the
jingle sings: The Fat Just Walks Awaaaaay!
对白和场景动作是可以穿插进行，如果场景动作打断了角色的台词，继续对话时必须带有角色名称，可以包含角色名拓展 (CONT'D)。
有时可能需要表示 两个角色同时说话，可以将两个角色并排放置（这种情况应尽量少用）。
实际案例：
14 CONTINUED: 14
TRACKING TO FIND DONNA, walking in - on edge, cautious,
armed with a clipboard - she grabs a spare chair, pulls
it over to a CUBICLE, where CRAIG, 20, is at work, on
headset.
DONNA CRAIG
Donna Noble, Health and That's a three week course
Safety, don't mind me. of pills for the special
price of 45 pounds...
如果需要让角色说外语，最好使用读者的语言，而不是直接使用外语。
CHARACTER #1
(in French)
Indicate the foreign language in
parenthesis and write the dialogue
as you normally would in English.
CHARACTER #2
(in Russian;
English subtitles)
If your character is speaking in a
foreign language with subtitles,
then this is how to show it.
附加说明（Parenthetical）¶
一般在角色名称下方，或在对白中加入一个括号，括号内使用 小写 字母标注附加说明。
MISS FOSTER
It seems we have a case of industrial
espionage. One touch, and the capsule
bio-tunes itself to its owner, but
someone must have introduced a second,
raw capsule. Therefore, one of these
people is a thief...
(suddenly)
There!
(presses remote, to
pause)
Oh yes. There she is. Now, what shall
we do with her..?
转场（Scene Transition）¶
一般来说，如果没有特别指定转换方式，则每个场景都会直接切换到下一个场景。
转场效果通常只用于拍摄剧本（Shooting Script）中，但如果绝对有必要指定，它需要 全大写并附带冒号，居右 显示。
Oh yes. There she is. Now, what shall
we do with her..?
CUT TO:
44 INT. NOBLES' HOUSE, HALLWAY - NIGHT 1 44
DONNA comes in, still shaken. Closes the door, leans
against it, gathers herself, exhausted.
Then real life slams back in! Mum, SYLVIA, down the hall -
SYLVIA
And what time's this?
DONNA
How old am I?!
SYLVIA
Not old enough to use a phone!
JUMP CUT TO:
45 INT. NOBLES' HOUSE, LIVING ROOM - NIGHT 1 45
SLOW TRACK IN ON DONNA, just sitting there, as SYLVIA
busies herself all around her, passing to and fro.
常见的转场包括 CUT TO ，DISSOLVE TO，MATCH CUT TO，JUMP CUT TO 等等。
副标题（Subheader）¶
如果场景中需要小场景的戏，或需要在同一场景来表示时间的流逝，可以使用副标题，无需反复重复主场景标题。
同样的，也可以用小标题将冗长复杂的场景拆分成多个部分，重点突出特定区域。
副标题与主标题一样需要 全大写。
INT. WRITERS STORE - SALES FLOOR - DAY
ANTHONY
You, sir, are a gentleman of
refined taste. John Logan is my
non-Canadian idol.
the phone RINGS. Anthony goes to--
THE SALES COUNTER
And answers the phone.
ANTHONY
Writers Store, Anthony speaking.
这个例子里在同一个大场景中从 SALES FLOOR 切换到 SALES COUNTER，没有必要创建一个新的主场景标题，所以用了副标题 THE SALES COUNTER。
镜头交切（Intercut）¶
如果需要在同一场景中两个不同地点同时发生的动作之间来回切换，可以在标题前加上 INTERCUT -。
INTERCUT - INT. LOCATION #1/LOCATION #2 - DAY
If it's necessary to CUT back and forth between
simultaneous action in two different locations in the same
scene, then handle your scene heading like this. Use this
method when you want to show a phone conversation.
CHARACTER #1
(into phone)
You can then type your dialogue as
normal.
CHARACTER #2
(into phone)
Whilst indicating that both
characters are on the phone.
CHARACTER #1
(into phone)
Just make sure you indicate when
the character hangs up.
(hangs up)
Especially if you are going to
continue the dialogue and scene
beyond the phone conversation.
也可以分别设立这两个地点，使用转场来表示交切。
INT. LOCATION #1 - DAY
Alternatively, you can establish both locations separately.
CHARACTER #1
(into phone)
Show your first character speaking
into the phone like this.
INT. LOCATION #2 - DAY
Then establish your next location.
CHARACTER #2
(into phone)
And show your second character
like this.
INTERCUT:
CHARACTER #1
(into phone)
Then continue the conversation,
intercutting comfortably between
the two characters.
特殊序列¶
特殊序列使用列表的形式展示特殊的场景效果，通常用于在每个场景太短而可能出现过多标题时。
- SERIES OF SHOTS：一组短镜头组成的叙事序列，快速推进故事。镜头按照场景动作的逻辑顺序排列，序列有开始、中间和结束点。
- MONTAGE（蒙太奇）：两个或多个画面相互融合、相互分离，以创造某种特定效果。
SERIES OF SHOTS:
A) first shot
B) second shot
C) third shot
屏幕文字¶
- 简短文字（标识、路牌）: 直接写在场景动作中
- 较长文字（信件、邮件）：格式类似对话，用双引号包裹
EXT. LOCATION #2 - NIGHT
On-screen text, such as letters, e-mails, or signs, are
formatted in a couple of ways. Brief text, such as a sign,
can go in the body of the scene action: "THIS IS A SIGN"
"Something longer, like a letter,
is formatted like dialogue
enclosed within double-quote
marks. It can be in normal upper
and lower case text, OR ALL IN
CAPITALS depending on the text it
is representing."
闪回（Flashback）¶
闪回场景在标题中标注 FLASHBACK，结束时标注 END FLASHBACK。
EXT. LOCATION #1 - NIGHT - 1956, FLASHBACK
If you want flashbacks in your script, treat them as
separate scenes and format your headings like this.
YOUNG CHARACTER #1
If it's important, you can include
the specific year or time period.
YOUNG CHARACTER #2
If your flashback takes place
across a number of consecutive
scenes, then specify it as a
flashback sequence in the heading.
Indicate when the flashback or flashback sequence finishes
and begin a new scene.
END FLASHBACK.
分页规则和场景编号¶
页面编号从第一个场景开始，作为第一页，而不是从封面页开始。
一般来说，投机剧本（Spec Script）不会包含场景编号。场景编号通常只出现在拍摄剧本（Shooting Script）中，与摄影机和技术指导一起出现。
本文的 Doctor Who 示例就是一个拍摄剧本（Shooting Script），所以会看到有场景编号（场景标题的左右侧）。
剧本开始与结束¶
剧本的开头会以 FADE IN 等效果开始，FADE OUT 等效果结尾，并附带 THE END 居中显示。
开头：
FADE IN:
EXT. LOCATION #1 - DAY
结尾：
FADE OUT.
THE END